德甲联赛是什么德甲联赛是什么

本文目录导读：

1. 德甲联赛的历史与发展
2. 德甲联赛的赛制与规则

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德甲联赛（德语：德甲，德文：德甲）是欧洲足球历史上最具影响力的联赛之一，也是世界上最受关注的足球联赛之一，自1955年创立以来，德甲联赛已经成为德国足球的象征，吸引了全球数百万球迷的目光，本文将详细介绍德甲联赛的基本信息、赛制、影响力以及其在全球足坛的地位。

德甲联赛的历史与发展

德甲联赛的起源可以追溯到20世纪50年代，1955年，足球甲级联赛在德国成立，由五个足球俱乐部组成，分别是汉诺威04、柏林赫尔克se、德累斯顿足球俱乐部、柏林联合足球俱乐部和德克萨斯足球俱乐部，这个联盟在1955年12月13日举行了首场比赛,由汉诺威04对阵柏林赫尔克se。

由于战后德国的政治不稳定和经济困难，足球运动在德国的发展受到了很大影响，1955年之后，德甲联赛一度停办，直到1992年才重新成立，1992年，五个足球俱乐部再次组成了新的德甲联赛,但这次的联赛规模和参赛球队数量都比之前的联赛有所扩大。

2003年，德甲联赛的五个俱乐部合并为五大联赛集团（D5），成为德甲联赛的官方管理机构，五大联赛集团由拜仁慕尼黑、多特蒙德、斯图加特、波多黎各足球俱乐部和汉诺威04组成,五大联赛集团的成立标志着德甲联赛进入了一个新的发展阶段。

德甲联赛的赛制与规则

德甲联赛是一个38轮的主客场循环赛制，每个赛季有30支球队参加，每支球队在每个赛季需要进行38场比赛，其中18场是在主场进行的，18场是在客场进行的，每场比赛都会产生3分（胜者）或1分（平局）的积分。

德甲联赛的积分决定冠军的归属，赛季结束后，积分最高的球队获得冠军，亚军获得亚军，依此类推，如果积分相同，将通过胜负积分、胜负胜负积分、直接比较胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负胜负